These controversies concerning the relationships between citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs might be due to the ways that OCBs are calculated. Inside the literature, OCBs have generally been outlined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are unable to detect the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4