HSM is a Hardware Security Module, a physical device used to securely generate, store, and manage cryptographic keys. It provides high levels of protection for sensitive data and cryptographic operations such as encryption, decryption, authentication, and digital signing. HSMs are commonly used in industries requiring strong security, such as banking, government, and cloud services. https://www.encryptionconsulting.com/education-center/what-is-an-hsm/